Under current EU regulations, at least two pilots must be present within the cockpit of commercial flights. But new advances in technologies open up the possibility to certify single pilot operations (SPO), either for certain portions of the journey, such as when cruising, or for the whole flight once the technology is mature.  The project will focus on pilot cognitive state monitoring and an air-to-ground integration SPO concept of operations. The proposed solutions directly support pilots’ incapacitation transition monitoring and deliver an integrated air-to-ground SPO CONOPS to enhance safe return to land operations.