The solution aims to introduce the use of resolutions provided by automation, together with conditional levels of automation, in ATC separation management within the tactical TBO environment. This is enabled by improved trajectory prediction, air–ground system interconnection and data sharing, together with highly precise complex clearances based on tactical constraints and stable “forced vertical profiles”. These clearances are derived from closed-loop advisories generated by automation and executed in the pre-tactical phase of separation management (before sector entry), where tactical interventions are applied only by exception. The solution explores human–machine teaming and situational awareness aspects of higher levels of automation, where automation is considered part of the ATC sector team rather than solely a support tool for the human controller. The main objective is to ensure controller trust in automation, including AI solutions and advanced algorithms, based on proven operational performance of automated tasks.

The application of resolutions provided by automation and conditional automation in separation management and air–ground communication for en-route and TMA operations across all levels of complexity is considered, with particular emphasis on high and very high complexity environments. Existing enablers for CDR tools and TP enhancements will be reassessed and updated to define more precisely the operational performance parameters required for automation to be considered part of the ATC sector team, with full or partial responsibility for certain separation management tasks.

Maintaining safety while applying automation-based resolutions and conditional automation in ATC separation is essential. The operational performance of automated tasks in human–machine teaming operations must therefore be sufficient to deliver the expected benefits in capacity, fuel efficiency, overall system performance and CO₂ emission reduction.